SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

What is Lupus?

Lupus is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skin, joints, and often internal organs like the heart and kidneys. In lupus, the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attack the body’s own tissues, causing inflammation and damage.

The condition is more common in younger women. Only about 1 in 15 cases of lupus begins after the age of 50, and it tends to be less severe in older individuals.

What Are the Symptoms of Lupus?

Lupus can cause a wide range of symptoms, which may vary from person to person. Common symptoms include:

• Joint pain
• Skin rash
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Weight loss
• Headaches
• Mouth ulcers
• Hair loss
• Swelling of lymph glands or feet
• Color changes in the fingers or toes in cold conditions
• Shortness of breath or chest pain when breathing

Regular check-ups with your doctor are essential to monitor for early signs of complications.

“The earlier the diagnosis, the fewer the complications.”

What is the Outlook for Lupus?

Lupus is a variable and unpredictable condition that can range from mild to life-threatening, particularly if vital organs like the heart or kidneys are affected. While it’s difficult to predict how lupus will impact an individual, most people do not experience serious complications. Regular monitoring by your doctor is essential to detect any potential issues early and provide timely treatment to prevent complications.

How is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosed?

How is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosed?

Diagnosing lupus can be challenging because its symptoms often overlap with other more common conditions. To confirm a diagnosis, your doctor may order several tests, including:

1) Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) Test – Positive in 95% of lupus cases
2) Anti-Double-Stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) Antibody Test – Specific to lupus
3) Anti-Ro Antibody Test – Often found in lupus patients
4) Complement Level Test – Lower levels indicate active lupus
5) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) – Measures inflammation
6) Kidney and Liver Function Tests – Especially useful in early diagnosis
7) Blood Cell Counts – To detect anemia or other blood abnormalities

These tests, combined with your symptoms and medical history, help doctors make an accurate diagnosis.


Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

While there is no cure for lupus, it is a manageable condition. Most patients respond well to treatment, especially when started early. Different types of medications are used to control symptoms and prevent flare-ups.

Sunlight Protection:

• Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight, as ultraviolet (UV) light can trigger or worsen the butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose.

• Use sunscreen with SPF 50 or higher and keep your skin covered when outdoors.

Managing Raynaud’s Phenomenon

• Raynaud’s phenomenon, which causes blue, white, or red discoloration of the fingers in cold weather, can be managed by keeping your hands and chest warm and protected.

Regular monitoring and follow-ups with your doctor are essential to adjust treatment and manage the condition effectively.


Who Should Treat Me?

A RHEUMATOLOGIST

A Rheumatologist is a specialist in diagnosing and treating autoimmune diseases like lupus and other rheumatic conditions. They are the best-qualified doctors to manage your treatment and ensure the best care for conditions like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

A Rheumatologist May Advise You Specialized Treatment With:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Steroid tablets, creams, or injections
Conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Medications to control high blood pressure and high cholesterol
Biological therapies

Pregnancy and Lupus:

Most women with lupus can have a baby if they wish to, but it’s important to discuss your plans with your doctor before trying to get pregnant. Your treatment may need to be adjusted.

It is always best to plan a pregnancy when lupus is in an inactive state to reduce risks and complications.

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