What is Psoriatic Arthritis?
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a type of inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches. It affects the joints and can lead to pain, swelling, and stiffness, often impacting both the skin and musculoskeletal system.
PsA is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, leading to joint inflammation and skin changes. It can vary widely in severity, affecting only a few joints or causing widespread damage.
Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis:
Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, particularly in the fingers, toes, and lower back. PsA can cause nail changes like pitting or separation and may also lead to “sausage-like” swelling of the fingers or toes (dactylitis). Fatigue and eye inflammation (uveitis) are common in some cases.
Causes and Risk Factors:
PsA often develops in individuals with psoriasis, with genetic, environmental, and immune factors playing a role. Having a family history of psoriasis or PsA increases the risk. Triggers like infections or physical trauma may also initiate symptoms.
How is Psoriatic Arthritis Treated and Managed?
Treatment Options:
1) Medications:
• NSAIDs relieve pain and inflammation.
• DMARDs (e.g., methotrexate) slow disease progression.
• Biologics target specific inflammatory pathways (e.g., TNF or IL-17 inhibitors).
2) Physical Therapy: Maintains joint flexibility and muscle strength.
3) Steroids: Used in severe inflammation for short periods.
Self-Management Strategies:
Lifestyle changes include regular exercise, stress management, and a healthy diet to control inflammation. Protecting joints through ergonomic tools and avoiding activities that strain them are also helpful. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces joint stress.
Long-Term Outlook and Complications:
Without treatment, PsA can lead to permanent joint damage and disability. Early diagnosis and management improve outcomes and reduce complications like cardiovascular issues, eye problems, or joint deformities. A rheumatologist’s guidance is essential for tailored treatment plans.